Refactored the way of sending response in controller actions.

apps/advanced/backend/controllers/SiteController.php

@@ -10,16 +10,16 @@ class SiteController extends Controller
 {
 	public function actionIndex()
 	{
-		echo $this->render('index');
+		return $this->render('index');
 	}
 
 	public function actionLogin()
 	{
 		$model = new LoginForm();
 		if ($this->populate($_POST, $model) && $model->login()) {
-			Yii::$app->response->redirect(array('site/index'));
+			return Yii::$app->response->redirect(array('site/index'));
 		} else {
-			echo $this->render('login', array(
+			return $this->render('login', array(
 				'model' => $model,
 			));
 		}
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class SiteController extends Controller
 
 	public function actionLogout()
 	{
-		Yii::$app->getUser()->logout();
-		Yii::$app->getResponse()->redirect(array('site/index'));
+		Yii::$app->user->logout();
+		return Yii::$app->response->redirect(array('site/index'));
 	}
 }

apps/advanced/environments/dev/yii

@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ $config = yii\helpers\ArrayHelper::merge(
 );
 
 $application = new yii\console\Application($config);
-$application->run();
+return $application->run();

apps/advanced/environments/prod/yii

@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ $config = yii\helpers\ArrayHelper::merge(
 );
 
 $application = new yii\console\Application($config);
-$application->run();
+return $application->run();

apps/advanced/frontend/controllers/SiteController.php

@@ -20,16 +20,16 @@ class SiteController extends Controller
 
 	public function actionIndex()
 	{
-		echo $this->render('index');
+		return $this->render('index');
 	}
 
 	public function actionLogin()
 	{
 		$model = new LoginForm();
 		if ($this->populate($_POST, $model) && $model->login()) {
-			Yii::$app->response->redirect(array('site/index'));
+			return Yii::$app->response->redirect(array('site/index'));
 		} else {
-			echo $this->render('login', array(
+			return $this->render('login', array(
 				'model' => $model,
 			));
 		}
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ class SiteController extends Controller
 
 	public function actionLogout()
 	{
-		Yii::$app->getUser()->logout();
-		Yii::$app->getResponse()->redirect(array('site/index'));
+		Yii::$app->user->logout();
+		return Yii::$app->response->redirect(array('site/index'));
 	}
 
 	public function actionContact()
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ class SiteController extends Controller
 		$model = new ContactForm;
 		if ($this->populate($_POST, $model) && $model->contact(Yii::$app->params['adminEmail'])) {
 			Yii::$app->session->setFlash('contactFormSubmitted');
-			Yii::$app->response->refresh();
+			return Yii::$app->response->refresh();
 		} else {
-			echo $this->render('contact', array(
+			return $this->render('contact', array(
 				'model' => $model,
 			));
 		}
@@ -56,6 +56,6 @@ class SiteController extends Controller
 
 	public function actionAbout()
 	{
-		echo $this->render('about');
+		return $this->render('about');
 	}
 }

apps/basic/controllers/SiteController.php

@@ -20,16 +20,16 @@ class SiteController extends Controller
 
 	public function actionIndex()
 	{
-		echo $this->render('index');
+		return $this->render('index');
 	}
 
 	public function actionLogin()
 	{
 		$model = new LoginForm();
 		if ($this->populate($_POST, $model) && $model->login()) {
-			Yii::$app->response->redirect(array('site/index'));
+			return Yii::$app->response->redirect(array('site/index'));
 		} else {
-			echo $this->render('login', array(
+			return $this->render('login', array(
 				'model' => $model,
 			));
 		}
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ class SiteController extends Controller
 
 	public function actionLogout()
 	{
-		Yii::$app->getUser()->logout();
-		Yii::$app->getResponse()->redirect(array('site/index'));
+		Yii::$app->user->logout();
+		return Yii::$app->response->redirect(array('site/index'));
 	}
 
 	public function actionContact()
@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ class SiteController extends Controller
 		$model = new ContactForm;
 		if ($this->populate($_POST, $model) && $model->contact(Yii::$app->params['adminEmail'])) {
 			Yii::$app->session->setFlash('contactFormSubmitted');
-			Yii::$app->response->refresh();
+			return Yii::$app->response->refresh();
 		} else {
-			echo $this->render('contact', array(
+			return $this->render('contact', array(
 				'model' => $model,
 			));
 		}
@@ -56,6 +56,6 @@ class SiteController extends Controller
 
 	public function actionAbout()
 	{
-		echo $this->render('about');
+		return $this->render('about');
 	}
 }

apps/basic/yii

@@ -19,4 +19,4 @@ require(__DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php');
 $config = require(__DIR__ . '/config/console.php');
 
 $application = new yii\console\Application($config);
-$application->run();
+return $application->run();

apps/benchmark/protected/controllers/SiteController.php

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ class SiteController extends Controller
 
 	public function actionHello()
 	{
-		echo 'hello world';
+		return 'hello world';
 	}
 }

docs/guide/performance.md

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ return array(
 ```
 
 You can use `CacheSession` to store sessions using cache. Note that some
-cache storages such as memcached has no guaranteee that session data will not
+cache storage such as memcached has no guarantee that session data will not
 be lost leading to unexpected logouts.
 
 Improving application
@@ -152,14 +152,14 @@ class PostController extends Controller
 	public function actionIndex()
 	{
 		$posts = Post::find()->orderBy('id DESC')->limit(100)->asArray()->all();
-		echo $this->render('index', array(
+		return $this->render('index', array(
 			'posts' => $posts,
 		));
 	}
 }
 ```
 
-In the view you should access fields of each invidual record from `$posts` as array:
+In the view you should access fields of each individual record from `$posts` as array:
 
 ```php
 foreach ($posts as $post) {

framework/yii/base/Action.php

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class Action extends Component
 	 * Runs this action with the specified parameters.
 	 * This method is mainly invoked by the controller.
 	 * @param array $params the parameters to be bound to the action's run() method.
-	 * @return integer the exit status (0 means normal, non-zero means abnormal).
+	 * @return mixed the result of the action
 	 * @throws InvalidConfigException if the action class does not have a run() method
 	 */
 	public function runWithParams($params)
@@ -75,6 +75,6 @@ class Action extends Component
 			throw new InvalidConfigException(get_class($this) . ' must define a "run()" method.');
 		}
 		$args = $this->controller->bindActionParams($this, $params);
-		return (int)call_user_func_array(array($this, 'run'), $args);
+		return call_user_func_array(array($this, 'run'), $args);
 	}
 }

framework/yii/base/Application.php

@@ -16,16 +16,12 @@ use yii\web\HttpException;
  * @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com>
  * @since 2.0
  */
-class Application extends Module
+abstract class Application extends Module
 {
 	/**
-	 * @event Event an event that is triggered at the beginning of [[run()]].
+	 * @event ResponseEvent an event that is triggered after [[handle()]] returns a response.
 	 */
-	const EVENT_BEFORE_RUN = 'beforeRun';
-	/**
-	 * @event Event an event that is triggered at the end of [[run()]].
-	 */
-	const EVENT_AFTER_RUN = 'afterRun';
+	const EVENT_RESPONSE = 'response';
 	/**
 	 * @var string the application name.
 	 */
@@ -54,7 +50,7 @@ class Application extends Module
 	 */
 	public $preload = array();
 	/**
-	 * @var \yii\web\Controller|\yii\console\Controller the currently active controller instance
+	 * @var Controller the currently active controller instance
 	 */
 	public $controller;
 	/**
@@ -63,8 +59,6 @@ class Application extends Module
 	 */
 	public $layout = 'main';
 
-	private $_ended = false;
-
 	/**
 	 * @var string Used to reserve memory for fatal error handler.
 	 */
@@ -143,67 +137,32 @@ class Application extends Module
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Terminates the application.
-	 * This method replaces PHP's exit() function by calling [[afterRequest()]] before exiting.
-	 * @param integer $status exit status (value 0 means normal exit while other values mean abnormal exit).
-	 * @param boolean $exit whether to exit the current request.
-	 * It defaults to true, meaning the PHP's exit() function will be called at the end of this method.
-	 */
-	public function end($status = 0, $exit = true)
-	{
-		if (!$this->_ended) {
-			$this->_ended = true;
-			$this->getResponse()->end();
-			$this->afterRun();
-		}
-
-		if ($exit) {
-			exit($status);
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
 	 * Runs the application.
 	 * This is the main entrance of an application.
 	 * @return integer the exit status (0 means normal, non-zero values mean abnormal)
 	 */
 	public function run()
 	{
-		$this->beforeRun();
-		$response = $this->getResponse();
-		$response->begin();
-		register_shutdown_function(array($this, 'end'), 0, false);
-		$status = $this->processRequest();
-		$response->end();
-		$this->afterRun();
-		return $status;
-	}
+		$response = $this->handle($this->getRequest());
 
-	/**
-	 * Raises the [[EVENT_BEFORE_RUN]] event right BEFORE the application processes the request.
-	 */
-	public function beforeRun()
-	{
-		$this->trigger(self::EVENT_BEFORE_RUN);
-	}
+		$event = new ResponseEvent($response);
+		$this->trigger(self::EVENT_RESPONSE, $event);
+		$event->response->send();
 
-	/**
-	 * Raises the [[EVENT_AFTER_RUN]] event right AFTER the application processes the request.
-	 */
-	public function afterRun()
-	{
-		$this->trigger(self::EVENT_AFTER_RUN);
+		return $response->exitStatus;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Processes the request.
-	 * Child classes should override this method with actual request processing logic.
-	 * @return integer the exit status of the controller action (0 means normal, non-zero values mean abnormal)
+	 * Handles the specified request.
+	 *
+	 * This method should return an instance of [[Response]] or its child class
+	 * which represents the handling result of the request.
+	 *
+	 * @param Request $request the request to be handled
+	 * @return Response the resulting response
 	 */
-	public function processRequest()
-	{
-		return 0;
-	}
+	abstract public function handle($request);
+
 
 	private $_runtimePath;
 
@@ -325,15 +284,6 @@ class Application extends Module
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Returns the response component.
-	 * @return \yii\web\Response|\yii\console\Response the response component
-	 */
-	public function getResponse()
-	{
-		return $this->getComponent('response');
-	}
-
-	/**
 	 * Returns the view object.
 	 * @return View the view object that is used to render various view files.
 	 */
@@ -400,7 +350,7 @@ class Application extends Module
 	 * This method is implemented as a PHP exception handler. It requires
 	 * that constant YII_ENABLE_ERROR_HANDLER be defined true.
 	 *
-	 * @param \Exception $exception exception that is not caught
+	 * @param \Exception $exception the exception that is not caught
 	 */
 	public function handleException($exception)
 	{
@@ -410,17 +360,13 @@ class Application extends Module
 
 		try {
 			$this->logException($exception);
-
 			if (($handler = $this->getErrorHandler()) !== null) {
 				$handler->handle($exception);
 			} else {
-				$this->renderException($exception);
+				echo $this->renderException($exception);
 			}
-
-			$this->end(1);
-
 		} catch (\Exception $e) {
-			// exception could be thrown in end() or ErrorHandler::handle()
+			// exception could be thrown in ErrorHandler::handle()
 			$msg = (string)$e;
 			$msg .= "\nPrevious exception:\n";
 			$msg .= (string)$exception;
@@ -468,7 +414,6 @@ class Application extends Module
 	 */
 	public function handleFatalError()
 	{
-		if (YII_ENABLE_ERROR_HANDLER) {
 		$error = error_get_last();
 
 		if (ErrorException::isFatalError($error)) {
@@ -480,17 +425,17 @@ class Application extends Module
 			if (($handler = $this->getErrorHandler()) !== null) {
 				$handler->handle($exception);
 			} else {
-					$this->renderException($exception);
+				echo $this->renderException($exception);
 			}
 
 			exit(1);
 		}
 	}
-	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Renders an exception without using rich format.
 	 * @param \Exception $exception the exception to be rendered.
+	 * @return string the rendering result
 	 */
 	public function renderException($exception)
 	{
@@ -499,14 +444,17 @@ class Application extends Module
 		} else {
 			$message = YII_DEBUG ? (string)$exception : 'Error: ' . $exception->getMessage();
 		}
-		if (PHP_SAPI) {
-			echo $message . "\n";
+		if (PHP_SAPI === 'cli') {
+			return $message . "\n";
 		} else {
-			echo '<pre>' . htmlspecialchars($message, ENT_QUOTES, $this->charset) . '</pre>';
+			return '<pre>' . htmlspecialchars($message, ENT_QUOTES, $this->charset) . '</pre>';
 		}
 	}
 
-	// todo: to be polished
+	/**
+	 * Logs the given exception
+	 * @param \Exception $exception the exception to be logged
+	 */
 	protected function logException($exception)
 	{
 		$category = get_class($exception);

framework/yii/base/Controller.php

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class Controller extends Component
 	 * If the action ID is empty, the method will use [[defaultAction]].
 	 * @param string $id the ID of the action to be executed.
 	 * @param array $params the parameters (name-value pairs) to be passed to the action.
-	 * @return integer the status of the action execution. 0 means normal, other values mean abnormal.
+	 * @return mixed the result of the action
 	 * @throws InvalidRouteException if the requested action ID cannot be resolved into an action successfully.
 	 * @see createAction
 	 */
@@ -110,16 +110,16 @@ class Controller extends Component
 		if ($action !== null) {
 			$oldAction = $this->action;
 			$this->action = $action;
-			$status = 1;
+			$result = null;
 			if ($this->module->beforeAction($action)) {
 				if ($this->beforeAction($action)) {
-					$status = $action->runWithParams($params);
+					$result = $action->runWithParams($params);
 					$this->afterAction($action);
 				}
 				$this->module->afterAction($action);
 			}
 			$this->action = $oldAction;
-			return $status;
+			return $result;
 		} else {
 			throw new InvalidRouteException('Unable to resolve the request: ' . $this->getUniqueId() . '/' . $id);
 		}
@@ -161,21 +161,6 @@ class Controller extends Component
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Forwards the current execution flow to handle a new request specified by a route.
-	 * The only difference between this method and [[run()]] is that after calling this method,
-	 * the application will exit.
-	 * @param string $route the route to be handled, e.g., 'view', 'comment/view', '/admin/comment/view'.
-	 * @param array $params the parameters to be passed to the action.
-	 * @return integer the status code returned by the action execution. 0 means normal, and other values mean abnormal.
-	 * @see run
-	 */
-	public function forward($route, $params = array())
-	{
-		$status = $this->run($route, $params);
-		Yii::$app->end($status);
-	}
-
-	/**
 	 * Creates an action based on the given action ID.
 	 * The method first checks if the action ID has been declared in [[actions()]]. If so,
 	 * it will use the configuration declared there to create the action object.

framework/yii/base/ErrorHandler.php

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ namespace yii\base;
 
 use Yii;
 use yii\web\HttpException;
+use yii\web\Response;
 
 /**
  * ErrorHandler handles uncaught PHP errors and exceptions.
@@ -42,9 +43,13 @@ class ErrorHandler extends Component
 	 */
 	public $errorAction;
 	/**
-	 * @var string the path of the view file for rendering exceptions and errors.
+	 * @var string the path of the view file for rendering exceptions without call stack information.
 	 */
-	public $mainView = '@yii/views/errorHandler/main.php';
+	public $errorView = '@yii/views/errorHandler/error.php';
+	/**
+	 * @var string the path of the view file for rendering exceptions.
+	 */
+	public $exceptionView = '@yii/views/errorHandler/exception.php';
 	/**
 	 * @var string the path of the view file for rendering exceptions and errors call stack element.
 	 */
@@ -73,26 +78,31 @@ class ErrorHandler extends Component
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Renders exception.
-	 * @param \Exception $exception to be handled.
+	 * Renders the exception.
+	 * @param \Exception $exception the exception to be handled.
 	 */
 	protected function renderException($exception)
 	{
-		if ($this->errorAction !== null) {
-			Yii::$app->runAction($this->errorAction);
-		} elseif (!(Yii::$app instanceof \yii\web\Application)) {
-			Yii::$app->renderException($exception);
-		} else {
-			$response = Yii::$app->getResponse();
-			if (!headers_sent()) {
-				if ($exception instanceof HttpException) {
-					$response->setStatusCode($exception->statusCode);
-				} else {
-					$response->setStatusCode(500);
+		if (Yii::$app instanceof \yii\console\Application) {
+			echo Yii::$app->renderException($exception);
+			return;
 		}
+
+		$useErrorView = !YII_DEBUG || $exception instanceof UserException;
+
+		if ($useErrorView && $this->errorAction !== null) {
+			$result = Yii::$app->runAction($this->errorAction);
+			if ($result instanceof Response) {
+				$response = $result;
+			} else {
+				$response = new Response;
+				$response->content = $result;
 			}
+		} else {
+			$response = new Response;
 			if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH']) && $_SERVER['HTTP_X_REQUESTED_WITH'] === 'XMLHttpRequest') {
-				Yii::$app->renderException($exception);
+				// AJAX request
+				$response->content = Yii::$app->renderException($exception);
 			} else {
 				// if there is an error during error rendering it's useful to
 				// display PHP error in debug mode instead of a blank screen
@@ -101,19 +111,20 @@ class ErrorHandler extends Component
 				}
 
 				$view = new View();
-				$request = '';
-				foreach (array('_GET', '_POST', '_SERVER', '_FILES', '_COOKIE', '_SESSION', '_ENV') as $name) {
-					if (!empty($GLOBALS[$name])) {
-						$request .= '$' . $name . ' = ' . var_export($GLOBALS[$name], true) . ";\n\n";
-					}
-				}
-				$request = rtrim($request, "\n\n");
-				$response->content = $view->renderFile($this->mainView, array(
+				$file = $useErrorView ? $this->errorView : $this->exceptionView;
+				$response->content = $view->renderFile($file, array(
 					'exception' => $exception,
-					'request' => $request,
 				), $this);
 			}
 		}
+
+		if ($exception instanceof HttpException) {
+			$response->setStatusCode($exception->statusCode);
+		} else {
+			$response->setStatusCode(500);
+		}
+
+		$response->send();
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -133,7 +144,9 @@ class ErrorHandler extends Component
 	{
 		// the following manual level counting is to deal with zlib.output_compression set to On
 		for ($level = ob_get_level(); $level > 0; --$level) {
-			@ob_end_clean();
+			if (!@ob_end_clean()) {
+				ob_clean();
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -230,6 +243,21 @@ class ErrorHandler extends Component
 	}
 
 	/**
+	 * Renders the request information.
+	 * @return string the rendering result
+	 */
+	public function renderRequest()
+	{
+		$request = '';
+		foreach (array('_GET', '_POST', '_SERVER', '_FILES', '_COOKIE', '_SESSION', '_ENV') as $name) {
+			if (!empty($GLOBALS[$name])) {
+				$request .= '$' . $name . ' = ' . var_export($GLOBALS[$name], true) . ";\n\n";
+			}
+		}
+		return '<pre>' . rtrim($request, "\n") . '</pre>';
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * Determines whether given name of the file belongs to the framework.
 	 * @param string $file name to be checked.
 	 * @return boolean whether given name of the file belongs to the framework.

framework/yii/base/InlineAction.php

@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@ class InlineAction extends Action
 	 * Runs this action with the specified parameters.
 	 * This method is mainly invoked by the controller.
 	 * @param array $params action parameters
-	 * @return integer the exit status (0 means normal, non-zero means abnormal).
+	 * @return mixed the result of the action
 	 */
 	public function runWithParams($params)
 	{
 		$args = $this->controller->bindActionParams($this, $params);
-		return (int)call_user_func_array(array($this->controller, $this->actionMethod), $args);
+		return call_user_func_array(array($this->controller, $this->actionMethod), $args);
 	}
 }

framework/yii/base/Module.php

@@ -571,20 +571,20 @@ abstract class Module extends Component
 	 * If the route is empty, the method will use [[defaultRoute]].
 	 * @param string $route the route that specifies the action.
 	 * @param array $params the parameters to be passed to the action
-	 * @return integer the status code returned by the action execution. 0 means normal, and other values mean abnormal.
+	 * @return mixed the result of the action.
 	 * @throws InvalidRouteException if the requested route cannot be resolved into an action successfully
 	 */
 	public function runAction($route, $params = array())
 	{
-		$result = $this->createController($route);
-		if (is_array($result)) {
+		$parts = $this->createController($route);
+		if (is_array($parts)) {
 			/** @var $controller Controller */
-			list($controller, $actionID) = $result;
+			list($controller, $actionID) = $parts;
 			$oldController = Yii::$app->controller;
 			Yii::$app->controller = $controller;
-			$status = $controller->runAction($actionID, $params);
+			$result = $controller->runAction($actionID, $params);
 			Yii::$app->controller = $oldController;
-			return $status;
+			return $result;
 		} else {
 			throw new InvalidRouteException('Unable to resolve the request "' . trim($this->getUniqueId() . '/' . $route, '/') . '".');
 		}

framework/yii/base/Response.php

@@ -14,79 +14,12 @@ namespace yii\base;
 class Response extends Component
 {
 	/**
-	 * @event Event an event raised when the application begins to generate the response.
+	 * @var integer the exit status. Exit statuses should be in the range 0 to 254.
+	 * The status 0 means the program terminates successfully.
 	 */
-	const EVENT_BEGIN_RESPONSE = 'beginResponse';
-	/**
-	 * @event Event an event raised when the generation of the response finishes.
-	 */
-	const EVENT_END_RESPONSE = 'endResponse';
-
-	/**
-	 * Starts output buffering
-	 */
-	public function beginBuffer()
-	{
-		ob_start();
-		ob_implicit_flush(false);
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns contents of the output buffer and stops the buffer.
-	 * @return string output buffer contents
-	 */
-	public function endBuffer()
-	{
-		return ob_get_clean();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Returns contents of the output buffer
-	 * @return string output buffer contents
-	 */
-	public function getBuffer()
-	{
-		return ob_get_contents();
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Discards the output buffer
-	 * @param boolean $all if true, it will discards all output buffers.
-	 */
-	public function cleanBuffer($all = true)
-	{
-		if ($all) {
-			for ($level = ob_get_level(); $level > 0; --$level) {
-				if (!@ob_end_clean()) {
-					ob_clean();
-				}
-			}
-		} else {
-			ob_end_clean();
-		}
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Begins generating the response.
-	 * This method is called at the beginning of [[Application::run()]].
-	 * The default implementation will trigger the [[EVENT_BEGIN_RESPONSE]] event.
-	 * If you overwrite this method, make sure you call the parent implementation so that
-	 * the event can be triggered.
-	 */
-	public function begin()
-	{
-		$this->trigger(self::EVENT_BEGIN_RESPONSE);
-	}
+	public $exitStatus = 0;
 
-	/**
-	 * Ends generating the response.
-	 * This method is called at the end of [[Application::run()]].
-	 * The default implementation will trigger the [[EVENT_END_RESPONSE]] event.
-	 * If you overwrite this method, make sure you call the parent implementation so that
-	 * the event can be triggered.
-	 */
-	public function end()
+	public function send()
 	{
-		$this->trigger(self::EVENT_END_RESPONSE);
 	}
 }

framework/yii/base/ResponseEvent.php

+<?php
+/**
+ * @link http://www.yiiframework.com/
+ * @copyright Copyright (c) 2008 Yii Software LLC
+ * @license http://www.yiiframework.com/license/
+ */
+
+namespace yii\base;
+
+/**
+ * ResponseEvent represents the event data for the [[Application::EVENT_RESPONSE]] event.
+ *
+ * Event handlers can modify the content in [[response]] or replace [[response]]
+ * with a new response object. The updated or new response will
+ * be used as the final out of the application.
+ *
+ * @author Qiang Xue <qiang.xue@gmail.com>
+ * @since 2.0
+ */
+class ResponseEvent extends Event
+{
+	/**
+	 * @var Response the response object associated with this event.
+	 * You may modify the content in this response or replace it
+	 * with a new response object. The updated or new response will
+	 * be used as the final out.
+	 */
+	public $response;
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructor.
+	 * @param Response $response the response object associated with this event.
+	 * @param array $config the configuration array for initializing the newly created object.
+	 */
+	public function __construct($response, $config = array())
+	{
+		$this->response = $response;
+		parent::__construct($config);
+	}
+}

framework/yii/console/Application.php

@@ -60,6 +60,10 @@ class Application extends \yii\base\Application
 	 * Defaults to true.
 	 */
 	public $enableCoreCommands = true;
+	/**
+	 * @var Controller the currently active controller instance
+	 */
+	public $controller;
 
 	/**
 	 * Initialize the application.
@@ -81,6 +85,24 @@ class Application extends \yii\base\Application
 	}
 
 	/**
+	 * Handles the specified request.
+	 * @param Request $request the request to be handled
+	 * @return Response the resulting response
+	 */
+	public function handle($request)
+	{
+		list ($route, $params) = $request->resolve();
+		$result = $this->runAction($route, $params);
+		if ($result instanceof Response) {
+			return $result;
+		} else {
+			$response = $this->getResponse();
+			$response->exitStatus = (int)$result;
+			return $response;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * Processes the request.
 	 * The request is represented in terms of a controller route and action parameters.
 	 * @return integer the exit status of the controller action (0 means normal, non-zero values mean abnormal)
@@ -99,6 +121,15 @@ class Application extends \yii\base\Application
 	}
 
 	/**
+	 * Returns the response component.
+	 * @return Response the response component
+	 */
+	public function getResponse()
+	{
+		return $this->getComponent('response');
+	}
+
+	/**
 	 * Runs a controller action specified by a route.
 	 * This method parses the specified route and creates the corresponding child module(s), controller and action
 	 * instances. It then calls [[Controller::runAction()]] to run the action with the given parameters.

framework/yii/views/errorHandler/error.php

+<?php
+/**
+ * @var \Exception $exception
+ * @var \yii\base\ErrorHandler $context
+ */
+$context = $this->context;
+$title = $context->htmlEncode($exception instanceof \yii\base\Exception ? $exception->getName() : get_class($exception));
+?>
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+	<meta charset="utf-8" />
+	<title><?php echo $title?></title>
+
+	<style>
+		body {
+			font: normal 9pt "Verdana";
+			color: #000;
+			background: #fff;
+		}
+
+		h1 {
+			font: normal 18pt "Verdana";
+			color: #f00;
+			margin-bottom: .5em;
+		}
+
+		h2 {
+			font: normal 14pt "Verdana";
+			color: #800000;
+			margin-bottom: .5em;
+		}
+
+		h3 {
+			font: bold 11pt "Verdana";
+		}
+
+		p {
+			font: normal 9pt "Verdana";
+			color: #000;
+		}
+
+		.version {
+			color: gray;
+			font-size: 8pt;
+			border-top: 1px solid #aaa;
+			padding-top: 1em;
+			margin-bottom: 1em;
+		}
+	</style>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+<h1><?php echo $title?></h1>
+<h2><?php echo nl2br($context->htmlEncode($exception->getMessage()))?></h2>
+<p>
+	The above error occurred while the Web server was processing your request.
+</p>
+<p>
+	Please contact us if you think this is a server error. Thank you.
+</p>
+<div class="version">
+	<?php echo date('Y-m-d H:i:s', time())?>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>

framework/yii/views/errorHandler/main.php → framework/yii/views/errorHandler/exception.php

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 /**
  * @var \yii\base\View $this
  * @var \Exception $exception
- * @var string $request
  * @var \yii\base\ErrorHandler $context
  */
 $context = $this->context;
@@ -389,7 +388,7 @@ pre .diff .change{
 
 	<div class="request">
 		<div class="code">
-			<pre><?php echo $context->htmlEncode($request); ?></pre>
+			<?php echo $context->renderRequest(); ?>
 		</div>
 	</div>
 

framework/yii/web/Application.php

@@ -42,18 +42,23 @@ class Application extends \yii\base\Application
 	 * Defaults to null, meaning catch-all is not effective.
 	 */
 	public $catchAll;
+	/**
+	 * @var Controller the currently active controller instance
+	 */
+	public $controller;
 
 
 	/**
-	 * Processes the request.
-	 * @return integer the exit status of the controller action (0 means normal, non-zero values mean abnormal)
-	 * @throws HttpException if the request cannot be resolved.
+	 * Handles the specified request.
+	 * @param Request $request the request to be handled
+	 * @return Response the resulting response
+	 * @throws HttpException if the requested route is invalid
 	 */
-	public function processRequest()
+	public function handle($request)
 	{
-		$request = $this->getRequest();
 		Yii::setAlias('@wwwroot', dirname($request->getScriptFile()));
 		Yii::setAlias('@www', $request->getBaseUrl());
+
 		if (empty($this->catchAll)) {
 			list ($route, $params) = $request->resolve();
 		} else {
@@ -61,10 +66,18 @@ class Application extends \yii\base\Application
 			$params = array_splice($this->catchAll, 1);
 		}
 		try {
-			return $this->runAction($route, $params);
+			$result = $this->runAction($route, $params);
+			if ($result instanceof Response) {
+				return $result;
+			} else {
+				$response = $this->getResponse();
+				$response->content = $result;
+				return $response;
+			}
 		} catch (InvalidRouteException $e) {
 			throw new HttpException(404, $e->getMessage(), $e->getCode(), $e);
 		}
+
 	}
 
 	private $_homeUrl;

framework/yii/web/CaptchaAction.php

@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class CaptchaAction extends Action
 		if (isset($_GET[self::REFRESH_GET_VAR])) {
 			// AJAX request for regenerating code
 			$code = $this->getVerifyCode(true);
-			echo json_encode(array(
+			return json_encode(array(
 				'hash1' => $this->generateValidationHash($code),
 				'hash2' => $this->generateValidationHash(strtolower($code)),
 				// we add a random 'v' parameter so that FireFox can refresh the image
@@ -124,9 +124,9 @@ class CaptchaAction extends Action
 				'url' => $this->controller->createUrl($this->id, array('v' => uniqid())),
 			));
 		} else {
-			$this->renderImage($this->getVerifyCode());
+			$this->setHttpHeaders();
+			return $this->renderImage($this->getVerifyCode());
 		}
-		Yii::$app->end();
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -230,9 +230,9 @@ class CaptchaAction extends Action
 	protected function renderImage($code)
 	{
 		if (Captcha::checkRequirements() === 'gd') {
-			$this->renderImageByGD($code);
+			return $this->renderImageByGD($code);
 		} else {
-			$this->renderImageByImagick($code);
+			return $this->renderImageByImagick($code);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -277,10 +277,10 @@ class CaptchaAction extends Action
 
 		imagecolordeallocate($image, $foreColor);
 
-		$this->sendHttpHeaders();
-
+		ob_start();
 		imagepng($image);
 		imagedestroy($image);
+		return ob_get_clean();
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -317,14 +317,13 @@ class CaptchaAction extends Action
 		}
 
 		$image->setImageFormat('png');
-		Yii::$app->getResponse()->content = (string)$image;
-		$this->sendHttpHeaders();
+		return $image;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * Sends the HTTP headers needed by image response.
+	 * Sets the HTTP headers needed by image response.
 	 */
-	protected function sendHttpHeaders()
+	protected function setHttpHeaders()
 	{
 		Yii::$app->getResponse()->getHeaders()
 			->set('Pragma', 'public')

framework/yii/web/Response.php

@@ -39,13 +39,10 @@ class Response extends \yii\base\Response
 	 */
 	public $statusText;
 	/**
-	 * @var string the charset to use. If not set, [[\yii\base\Application::charset]] will be used.
+	 * @var string the version of the HTTP protocol to use. If not set, it will be determined via `$_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']`,
+	 * or '1.1' if that is not available.
 	 */
-	public $charset;
-	/**
-	 * @var string the version of the HTTP protocol to use
-	 */
-	public $version = '1.0';
+	public $version;
 	/**
 	 * @var array list of HTTP status codes and the corresponding texts
 	 */
@@ -129,22 +126,13 @@ class Response extends \yii\base\Response
 
 	public function init()
 	{
-		if ($this->charset === null) {
-			$this->charset = Yii::$app->charset;
+		if ($this->version === null) {
+			if (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL']) && $_SERVER['SERVER_PROTOCOL'] === '1.0') {
+				$this->version = '1.0';
+			} else {
+				$this->version = '1.1';
 			}
 		}
-
-	public function begin()
-	{
-		parent::begin();
-		$this->beginBuffer();
-	}
-
-	public function end()
-	{
-		$this->content .= $this->endBuffer();
-		$this->send();
-		parent::end();
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -204,15 +192,10 @@ class Response extends \yii\base\Response
 	{
 		$this->sendHeaders();
 		$this->sendContent();
-		for ($level = ob_get_level(); $level > 0; --$level) {
-			if (!@ob_end_flush()) {
-				ob_clean();
-			}
-		}
-		flush();
+		$this->clear();
 	}
 
-	public function reset()
+	public function clear()
 	{
 		$this->_headers = null;
 		$this->_statusCode = null;
@@ -239,7 +222,6 @@ class Response extends \yii\base\Response
 					header("$name: $value", false);
 				}
 			}
-			$headers->removeAll();
 		}
 		$this->sendCookies();
 	}
@@ -272,7 +254,6 @@ class Response extends \yii\base\Response
 	protected function sendContent()
 	{
 		echo $this->content;
-		$this->content = null;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -298,6 +279,7 @@ class Response extends \yii\base\Response
 	 * @param string $content the content to be sent. The existing [[content]] will be discarded.
 	 * @param string $attachmentName the file name shown to the user.
 	 * @param string $mimeType the MIME type of the content.
+	 * @throws HttpException if the requested range is not satisfiable
 	 */
 	public function sendContentAsFile($content, $attachmentName, $mimeType = 'application/octet-stream')
 	{
@@ -509,9 +491,9 @@ class Response extends \yii\base\Response
 	 * for normal requests, and [[ajaxRedirectCode]] for AJAX requests.
 	 * See [[http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html]]
 	 * for details about HTTP status code
-	 * @param boolean $terminate whether to terminate the current application
+	 * @return Response the response object itself
 	 */
-	public function redirect($url, $statusCode = null, $terminate = true)
+	public function redirect($url, $statusCode = null)
 	{
 		$url = Html::url($url);
 		if (strpos($url, '/') === 0 && strpos($url, '//') !== 0) {
@@ -522,22 +504,20 @@ class Response extends \yii\base\Response
 		}
 		$this->getHeaders()->set('Location', $url);
 		$this->setStatusCode($statusCode);
-		if ($terminate) {
-			Yii::$app->end();
-		}
+		return $this;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * Refreshes the current page.
 	 * The effect of this method call is the same as the user pressing the refresh button of his browser
 	 * (without re-posting data).
-	 * @param boolean $terminate whether to terminate the current application after calling this method
 	 * @param string $anchor the anchor that should be appended to the redirection URL.
 	 * Defaults to empty. Make sure the anchor starts with '#' if you want to specify it.
+	 * @return Response the response object itself
 	 */
-	public function refresh($terminate = true, $anchor = '')
+	public function refresh($anchor = '')
 	{
-		$this->redirect(Yii::$app->getRequest()->getUrl() . $anchor, $terminate);
+		return $this->redirect(Yii::$app->getRequest()->getUrl() . $anchor);
 	}
 
 	private $_cookies;

framework/yii/web/User.php

@@ -284,7 +284,9 @@ class User extends Component
 			$this->setReturnUrl($request->getUrl());
 		}
 		if ($this->loginUrl !== null) {
-			Yii::$app->getResponse()->redirect($this->loginUrl);
+			$response = Yii::$app->getResponse();
+			$response->redirect($this->loginUrl)->send();
+			exit();
 		} else {
 			throw new HttpException(403, Yii::t('yii', 'Login Required'));
 		}